1. Indus Water Treaty: Pakistani Delegation Visits Jammu
Why in News?
A Pakistani delegation arrived in Jammu for an inspection tour of two power projects under the Indus Water Treaty (IWT). This visit is part of the treaty’s provisions to ensure cooperation and mutual understanding between India and Pakistan regarding the use of the Indus River system.
Key Aspects:
- Historical Context: Signed in 1960 by India and Pakistan with the World Bank as a guarantor.
- Water Allocation: India gets water from the eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej), while Pakistan receives the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab).
- Current Visit: Ensures compliance with the treaty’s provisions.
- Strategic Significance: The treaty has been a symbol of cooperation amidst multiple conflicts.
2. PESA Act: Empowering Scheduled Tribes
Why in News?
The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996 (PESA) has significantly empowered Scheduled Tribes (STs) and enhanced forest conservation efforts in India.
Key Aspects:
- Empowerment of Gram Sabha: Rights to consultation in land acquisition, ownership of minor forest produce, and management of village markets.
- Enhanced Governance: Involvement in planning and management of minor water bodies and granting mining licenses.
- Impact on Conservation: Increased community participation in forest resource management and legal ownership of minor forest produce.
3. India’s Current Account Surplus
Why in News?
India’s current account recorded a surplus of $5.7 billion in Q4 FY24, driven by a narrowing trade deficit.
Key Aspects:
- Definition: The current account measures the flow of goods, services, income, and current transfers into and out of the country.
- Components: Trade in goods and services, primary income, and secondary income (transfers).
- Factors: Reduction in trade deficit, increase in remittances, and strong service exports.
- Economic Impact: Higher inflow of foreign exchange strengthens the country’s forex reserves.
4. Enemy Agents Ordinance: Stringent Measures in J&K
Why in News?
Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) DGP R R Swain emphasized the application of the Enemy Agents Ordinance 2005 in handling those assisting militants in J&K.
Key Aspects:
- Historical Background: Originated in 1917, retained after the abrogation of Article 370.
- Key Provisions: Severe penalties, including death penalty and life imprisonment for aiding enemy operations.
- Stringency: More stringent than UAPA, with a focus on severe penalties and special judicial processes.
- Current Context: Used to counter militant support networks in J&K.
5. Cloudburst in Itanagar: Severe Impact
Why in News?
A recent cloudburst triggered landslips and a flood-like situation in Itanagar, highlighting the significant impact of this weather phenomenon in hilly regions.
Key Aspects:
- Definition: Sudden, intense rainfall over a small area, typically 10 cm or more, within an hour.
- Occurrence: Most common in Himalayan regions during monsoon months.
- Impact: Immediate effects include flooding and landslides, while long-term consequences involve soil erosion and habitat destruction.
- Challenges: It is difficult to predict the exact location and intensity, requiring enhanced local preparedness and response mechanisms.