Freedom Struggle of India | UPSC Notes

The freedom struggle of India is a pivotal chapter in the nation’s history. It was a period marked by sacrifice, determination, and resilience. From the initial sparks of resistance against British rule to the eventual attainment of independence, the journey was long and arduous. The freedom struggle encompassed various movements, leaders, and ideologies, all united in their quest for India’s liberation from colonial rule.

• The struggle began in the late 19th century.
• It was characterized by early revolts and uprisings.
• Various socio-political organizations played a key role.
• The struggle intensified with mass movements.
• The contribution of women was significant.
• Non-violent resistance was a prominent strategy.

The freedom struggle saw the rise of many leaders who became symbols of hope and courage. Figures like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel led various movements, each contributing uniquely to the cause. The struggle was not just about political independence; it also sought social and economic justice for the people of India. The Indian National Congress (INC) emerged as a significant force, organizing protests, boycotts, and strikes that challenged British authority.

Early Resistance and Revolts

The freedom struggle initially took the form of local revolts and uprisings. The Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence, was one of the earliest significant events. It was a mass uprising against British rule, although it ultimately failed. This period also saw the rise of social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, who advocated for changes in society while resisting colonial policies.

The Role of the Indian National Congress

The INC played a crucial role in the freedom struggle. Founded in 1885, it became the platform for Indian leaders to voice their demands. The Swadeshi Movement (1905) was a major campaign organized by the INC to boycott British goods. The movement emphasized self-reliance and promoted Indian-made products. This was a significant step towards economic independence, laying the groundwork for future movements.

Gandhi’s Leadership and Non-Cooperation

Mahatma Gandhi’s entry into the freedom struggle marked a new phase. His philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience inspired millions. The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) called for the rejection of British institutions. Indians were urged to boycott schools, colleges, and legal systems set up by the British. This movement was a massive success and brought the freedom struggle to the masses.

The Quit India Movement and Final Push

The Quit India Movement (1942) was one of the last major movements in the freedom struggle. Launched by the INC under Gandhi’s leadership, it called for the immediate withdrawal of British forces from India. The slogan “Do or Die” became the rallying cry for millions. Despite severe repression, the movement galvanized the nation and made British rule untenable.

Women in the Freedom Struggle

Women played a significant role in the freedom struggle. Leaders like Sarojini Naidu, Kasturba Gandhi, and Aruna Asaf Ali were at the forefront of many movements. They led protests, organized boycotts, and faced imprisonment. Their contribution was not just limited to supporting roles but also included active participation in leadership positions.

The Legacy of the Freedom Struggle

The freedom struggle of India culminated in independence on August 15, 1947. The sacrifices made by millions during this period are remembered with reverence. The struggle was not just about overthrowing colonial rule; it was about creating a nation built on the principles of justice, equality, and freedom. The legacy of this struggle continues to inspire movements for social and political change in India and around the world.

Conclusion

The freedom struggle of India is a testament to the power of collective action and the indomitable spirit of the people. It was a journey fraught with challenges but ultimately led to the dawn of a new era. As we remember this chapter of history, we also recognize the enduring impact it has on India’s identity as a sovereign nation.

Freedom Struggle UPSC Notes

1. The freedom struggle of India began in the late 19th century, marked by early revolts and uprisings against British rule. 2. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, played a pivotal role in organizing protests, boycotts, and strikes against British policies. 3. The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) led by Mahatma Gandhi emphasized non-violent resistance, urging Indians to boycott British institutions and embrace self-reliance. 4. The Quit India Movement (1942) demanded immediate British withdrawal, uniting the nation under the slogan “Do or Die” and facing severe repression. 5. Women actively participated in the freedom struggle, with leaders like Sarojini Naidu and Kasturba Gandhi leading protests and contributing significantly to the movement.

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