Natural resources form an economy’s backbone, providing raw materials and energy for satisfying human needs. Resource management and conservation are the prime requirements for sustainable development and ecosystem health. This article highlights some different types of natural resources, principles of resource management for sustainability, conservation of forests and wildlife, water resource management, and governmental initiatives in India.
The following are the different types of natural resources:
Conservation of Natural Resources basically deals with activities to benefit and prevent excessive destruction or degradation of the environment. When we deal with the sustainable management of natural resources we also have to make sure to process the rational use of natural resources to maintain the environmental balance.
The main purpose of the conservation of resources is to preserve and protect natural ecosystems and biodiversity. This includes protecting habitats, endangered species, and genetic diversity.
The need for conservation of natural resources is caring for these resources so all living things can benefit from them in the present and future. Everything in our society ultimately comes from nature.
National Afforestation Programme (NAP): The NAP aims to promote afforestation and eco-restoration of degraded forests and lands. It involves community participation and aims to enhance forest cover and biodiversity.
Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA): CAMPA was established to manage funds collected for compensatory afforestation from project developers who divert forest land for non-forest purposes. The funds are used for afforestation, regeneration of degraded forests, and wildlife protection.
National Water Policy: The National Water Policy emphasizes the sustainable management of water resources. It advocates for integrated water resource management, equitable distribution, efficient use, and the conservation of water bodies.
The conservation of natural resources is, therefore, of cardinal importance for environmental health and socio-economic development, and such natural resources must be conserved and managed on a sustainable basis. Several steps must be taken to understand the types of natural resources available to implement effective conservation and take along the best sustainable practices. It calls for an initiative from the government, especially the National Afforestation Programme, CAMPA, and the National Water Policy, to pursue this in India with greater vigor. The protection of natural resources, as well as the reaching of goals concerning sustainable development, will be possible only via an integrated and inclusive approach.
Conservation of Natural Resources UPSC Notes |
1. Natural resources are essential in economic development as they provide all the raw materials needed by humans to survive and for energy purposes. 2. Natural resources should be utilized in ways that are not harmful to ecosystem health or future availability. 3. The two most valued renewable resources are solar and wind energies; combined with biomass, they will be crucial to live independently of fossil fuels. 4. Coal, oil, and natural gas remain indispensable in energy production, but their utilization faces a host of sustainability concerns. 5. The very foundation of sustainable development rests on two major issues: resource availability to future generations and maintenance of biodiversity. 6. Conservation of forests and their wildlife is not only necessary for maintaining biodiversity but also for regulating climatic conditions and providing livelihood to indigenous communities. 7. The management of the resource of water includes strategies aimed at overcoming water scarcity and pollution, rainwater harvesting, and watershed management, among others. 8. Government initiatives include the National Afforestation Programme, CAMPA undertaken to promote the conservation of resources for sustainability in India. |
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